WO2013017161A1 - Charging station - Google Patents

Charging station Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013017161A1
WO2013017161A1 PCT/EP2011/063212 EP2011063212W WO2013017161A1 WO 2013017161 A1 WO2013017161 A1 WO 2013017161A1 EP 2011063212 W EP2011063212 W EP 2011063212W WO 2013017161 A1 WO2013017161 A1 WO 2013017161A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
curve
voltage
rlk
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/063212
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Roland Brill
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to PCT/EP2011/063212 priority Critical patent/WO2013017161A1/en
Priority to DE112011105492.0T priority patent/DE112011105492B4/en
Publication of WO2013017161A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013017161A1/en

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/62Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/66Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/67Controlling two or more charging stations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a charging station and for charging at least one electric vehicle connected to the charging station.
  • Charging stations for charging electric vehicles are sold, for example, by Siemens under the product name "Charge CP700A”.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for operating a charging station, which allows a forecast on the progress of the charging process and the charging process benö ⁇ required charging power.
  • the invention provides that ⁇ is worth measured by a measuring ⁇ device of the charging station during the charging process Minim ⁇ least a current and / or voltage and / or power measurement and the at least one current and / or voltage and / or power measurement value is compared with a predetermined reference charging curve and based on the Referenzla ⁇ curve a charge state of the state of charge of the electric vehicle indicating state of charge is determined.
  • a significant advantage of the method according to the invention is the fact that, based on the charge state information formed according to the invention, it is very easy to predict or determine which residual charge will still be required to fully charge the electric vehicle. Thus it can be both more charging time and the Need Beer from the charging station ⁇ preferential loading resources for the purposes of charging current or Ladeleis- tion for further charging in a very simple manner.
  • a corresponding charging time in the reference charging curve is be ⁇ true, indicating the matching to the measured current and / or voltage and / or power measurement time in the reference charging curve.
  • the corresponding charging time can be understood as a state of charge and as ⁇ continue to be used.
  • quantitative charging ⁇ status data can be formed with the corresponding loading time, which indicates the state of charge quantita tively ⁇ .
  • a charging state immediately quantitatively indicating charging ⁇ status data can be determined from the start of charging of the reference charging curve corresponding to the charging time of, for example, by integration of the Re ference ⁇ charging curve.
  • a correction of the reference charging curve may, for example, he ⁇ followed by adding to the deviation between the further current and / or voltage and / or power measurement values and the kor respondierenden current and / or voltage and / or power values of the reference charging curve proportional correction values ⁇ to the respective current and / or voltage and / or power values of the reference charging curve are correct sign ad ⁇ diert.
  • the corres-chief load time can he ⁇ averages are also based on a measurement interval that includes a plurality of current and / or voltage and / or performance metrics.
  • e is considered to be advantageous when measured with the measuring device of the charging station a plurality of current and / or voltage and / or power measurements in a predetermined Messinter interval, the current and / or voltage and / or power measurements in the predetermined measurement interval the reference reference charging curve are compared and the reference charging interval corresponding to the measuring interval is determined in the reference charging curve and based on the determined Referenzladeinvalls the state of charge of the electric vehicle indicating state of charge state is determined.
  • each of the charge state of the electrical is vehicle determined indicating charge status indication for each vehicle, predicts for each ⁇ of the electric vehicle by using the respective charge state indication respectively of the load power curve and the distribution of the total charging power available to the charging station for charging is carried out on the electric vehicles taking into account the predicted charging power characteristics.
  • the invention also relates to a Ladesta ⁇ tion for loading at least one electric vehicle.
  • the charging station has a measuring device for measuring at least one Current and / or voltage and / or power reading currency ⁇ rend the charging process is suitable, and the charging station has an evaluation device which is adapted to compare the at least one current and / or voltage and / or power reading with a predetermined reference charging curve and to determine from the reference charging curve a state of charge indicating the state of charge of the electric vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an arrangement with three charging stations, on each of which an electric vehicle is charged
  • FIG. 2 shows by way of example a reference charging curve on the basis of which the state of charge of an electric vehicle is determined.
  • FIG. 3 shows, by way of example, the reference charging curve according to FIG. 2, a charging time point determination taking place on the basis of the current profile
  • FIG. 4 shows by way of example the formation of a corrected reference charging curve.
  • FIG. 1 shows three charging stations 10, 11 and 12, which are fed on the input side with energy from an energy distribution network 20.
  • the three charging stations 10, 11 and 12 are connected to a higher-level guiding device 30, which can divide the three charging stations 10, 11 and 12 available total charging power of the energy distribution network 20 to the three charging stations, if they consume more charging power or according to a forecast than the energy distribution network 20 can provide.
  • an electric vehicle 50 having a battery 51 and to the charging station 12 is an electric vehicle connected to a battery 61 60 to the charging station 10th
  • the charging station 10 is equipped with a control device 100 which controls the charging process when the battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 is being charged. Between the control device 100 and the electric vehicle 40, a measuring device 110 of the charging station 10 is connected. The measuring device 110 measures the charging voltage applied to the battery 41 and the charging current with which the battery 41 is charged.
  • the measuring device 110 is the output side to an off ⁇ value 120 in connection.
  • the evaluation device 120 comprises a logging unit 121, a charging curve evaluation unit 122 and a forecasting unit 123.
  • the evaluation device 120 is connected to the guide device 30 in order to transmit to it a state of charge indication LZA and a predicted charging power curve PLV, which relates to the current charging process, in this case to the charging process for charging the battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 ,
  • the identification signal S can either originate from a transmitting device of the electric vehicle 40, not shown in FIG. 1 for reasons of clarity, or can be generated by the respective driver of the electric vehicle 40.
  • the driver may generate the Identi ⁇ fiz istssignal S at the beginning of the charging process via an on the loading station 10 existing keyboard or alternatively bilfunkkommunikations réelle a Mo- or otherwise, so that the loading station 10, the vehicle individually or as regards its construction, in particular ⁇ identify particular type or type of battery 41 and perform an optimized charging process for the electric vehicle 40.
  • ⁇ Lich its design characterizing identification signal S 100 may, for example, a individu ⁇ elle or type-individual reference charging curve read RLK from a not shown in the Figure 1 memory of the loading station 10, to optimally perform the charging process, the control device on the basis of the electric vehicle.
  • RLK predicted La ⁇ de elegantsverlauf PLV the charging station 10 and the ent ⁇ speaking predictive charging power curves of the other two charging stations 11 and 12 is the guide 30 is able to check whether the total charging power provided by the energy distribution network 20 is sufficient to be able to carry out the charging processes according to the prognosis.
  • the guide device 30 determines that the three charging stations 10, 11 and 12 overall predict a greater power requirement than the power distribution network 20 can provide, the guide device 30 can control signals ST1, ST2 and ST3 for the three charging stations 10, 11 and 12 generate a reduction in charging power when charging the three
  • Electric vehicles 40, 50 and 60 cause. Should example ⁇ , the charging power in the charging station 10 can be reduced, the guide device 30 can send, for example, a control signal ST1 to the control device 100 of the loading station 10, with which the control device is prompted 100, an alternative loading curve with a smaller Leis ⁇ con- sumption, in particular a lower charging current, for charging the electric vehicle 40 to use.
  • the related to the measuring device 110 proto koll istsö 121 logs the current values Im (t) and voltage measured values To (t) of the measuring device 110 and lei ⁇ tet this to the Ladekurvenauswertmaschine 122nd
  • the Ladekurvenauswertisme 122 determined from a charging curve ⁇ - hereinafter called the reference charging curve - which has the control device 100 for charging of the electric vehicle 40, for example, be ⁇ selected based on the identification signal S, and based submit to the charging process, the charging state of the battery 41 and generates a charging state indicative State of charge LZA.
  • the charge curve evaluation unit 122 determines in the reference charge curve a corresponding charge time which corresponds to the respective current and / or voltage measurement value indicates the appropriate time in the reference charging curve.
  • a corresponding charge time which corresponds to the respective current and / or voltage measurement value indicates the appropriate time in the reference charging curve.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a reference charging curve ⁇ RLK represented by the nominal charging current waveform Is (t) and the associated reference voltage curve Us (t) is in each case over the time t defined.
  • the determination of the corresponding charging point in time tk which as already explained is an indirect indication of charge, can in the reference charging curve RLK for example, be such that the voltage measuring ⁇ value by the measuring means integrated 110 and the Protokolltechniksein- 121 with the desired voltage values Us (t) of the reference charging curve RLK is compared.
  • the Ladekurvenauswertisme 122 may generate an un ⁇ indirect indication of charge LZA, which was indicative of its charge quantity of the battery 41st
  • LZA un ⁇ indirect indication of charge
  • they may, for example, the target charging current waveform Is (t) of the integrated Referenzla ⁇ dekurve RLK to the corresponding loading time tk: where T denotes the total charging time when charging according to the reference charging ⁇ curve RLK.
  • the state of charge LZA indicates here a share factor, which refers to a fully charged battery 41.
  • a value of, for example, 0.3 corresponds to a charge state of 30%.
  • the integral J JIs ⁇ v t) 7 dt in FIG. 2 corresponds to the area
  • the necessary residual charge Qr ⁇ arises in this case as follows:
  • the state of charge LZA determined in this way and the corresponding charging time tk are determined by the charging curve.
  • evaluation unit 122 to the forecasting unit 123 which forms the prognostic ⁇ charged charging power PLV with the corresponding charging time tk.
  • the determination of the corresponding charging time tk can also be based on the current profile Is (t) of the reference charging curve RLK.
  • This example shows the figure 3, in the established on the basis of a recorded measuring current value Im (t) of the logging unit 121 of the kor ⁇ respond Schlierende load time tk in the reference charging curve RLK.
  • the evaluation device 120 to correct the reference charging curve RLK or may adorn ⁇ modifi, if it finds that the recorded other current and / or voltage measurement values Im (t) and Um (t) of the logging unit 121 too much from the corresponding nominal current and / or nominal voltage measured values Is (t) and Us (t) of the reference charging curve RLK deviate.
  • Such a correction may, for example SUC ⁇ gene by adding to the deviation between the further current and / or voltage measurements Im (t) and Um (t) and the corresponding Sollstrom- and / or target voltage values Is (t) and U (t) of reference charging curve RLK ⁇ proportional correction values to the respective Sollstrom- and / or Sollbondswer- th the reference charging curve RLK added with the correct sign ⁇ who.
  • the corrected reference charging curve formed in this manner RLK ' is preferably stored instead of the original or up ⁇ take precedence reference charging curve RLK in the loading station 10, so that both the controller 100 and the evaluation device for further charging operations to the corrected reference charging curve RLK 120' can access. Also can be transmitted to the Leitein ⁇ direction 30, the corrected reference charging curve RLK 'so that they can be made available to other Ladestatio ⁇ NEN available.
  • the control device 100 can be, for example, a data processing system, in particular in the form of a computer, which is programmed accordingly in order to be able to carry out the functions described above.
  • the evaluation device 120 with the logging unit 121, the load curve evaluation unit 122 and the prediction unit 123 may be formed by one or more software modules that are executed by the data processing system.

Abstract

The invention relates, inter alia, to a method for operating a charging station and for charging at least one electric vehicle which is connected to the charging station. The invention provides that at least one measured value of the current and/or voltage and/or power is measured with a measuring device of the charging station during the charging process, and the at least one measured value of the current and/or voltage and/or power is compared with a predefined reference charging curve and state of charge data which indicates the state of charge of the electric vehicle is determined on the basis of the reference charging curve.

Description

Beschreibung description
Ladestation charging station
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Ladestation und zum Aufladen mindestens eines an die Ladestation angeschlossenen Elektrofahrzeugs . The invention relates to a method for operating a charging station and for charging at least one electric vehicle connected to the charging station.
Ladestationen zum Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen werden beispielsweise von der Firma Siemens unter dem Produktnamen "Charge CP700A" vertrieben. Charging stations for charging electric vehicles are sold, for example, by Siemens under the product name "Charge CP700A".
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Ladestation anzugeben, das eine Prognose über den Ablauf des Ladevorgangs und die für den Ladevorgang benö¬ tigte Ladeleistung erlaubt. The invention has for its object to provide a method for operating a charging station, which allows a forecast on the progress of the charging process and the charging process benö ¬ required charging power.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in Unteransprüchen angegeben. This object is achieved by a method having the features according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are specified in subclaims.
Danach ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass mit einer Mess¬ einrichtung der Ladestation während des Ladevorgangs mindes¬ tens ein Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmess¬ wert gemessen wird und der mindestens eine Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswert mit einer vorgegebenen Referenzladekurve verglichen wird und anhand der Referenzla¬ dekurve eine den Ladezustand des Elektrofahrzeugs angebende Ladezustandsangabe bestimmt wird. Accordingly, the invention provides that ¬ is worth measured by a measuring ¬ device of the charging station during the charging process Minim ¬ least a current and / or voltage and / or power measurement and the at least one current and / or voltage and / or power measurement value is compared with a predetermined reference charging curve and based on the Referenzla ¬ curve a charge state of the state of charge of the electric vehicle indicating state of charge is determined.
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist darin zu sehen, dass anhand der erfindungsgemäß gebildeten Ladezustandsangabe sehr einfach prognostiziert bzw. ermittelt werden kann, welche Restladung zum Vollladen des Elektrofahr- zeugs noch benötigt werden wird. Es lässt sich somit sowohl die weitere Ladezeit als auch die von der Ladestation benö¬ tigten Laderessourcen im Sinne von Ladestrom oder Ladeleis- tung für den weiteren Ladevorgang in sehr einfacher Weise ermitteln . A significant advantage of the method according to the invention is the fact that, based on the charge state information formed according to the invention, it is very easy to predict or determine which residual charge will still be required to fully charge the electric vehicle. Thus it can be both more charging time and the Need Beer from the charging station ¬ preferential loading resources for the purposes of charging current or Ladeleis- tion for further charging in a very simple manner.
Als vorteilhaft wird es angesehen, wenn anhand der Ladezu¬ standsangabe der weitere Ladeleistungsverlauf für den Lade¬ vorgang prognostiziert wird. Die Prognose eines weiteren La¬ deleistungsverlaufs ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn mehrere Elektrofahrzeuge aufgeladen werden sollen und die zum Aufladen der Elektrofahrzeuge insgesamt zur Verfügung ste¬ hende Ladeenergie optimal auf die Elektrofahrzeuge verteilt werden soll. Advantageous it is considered when is predicted based on the state of charge ¬ stood indication of the further course of charging power for the charging process ¬. The forecast of another La ¬ deleistungsverlaufs is particularly advantageous when more electric vehicles to be charged and to be optimally distributed to charge the electric vehicles total available ste ¬ immediate charging energy to the electric vehicles.
Besonders einfach und damit vorteilhaft lässt sich die Lade¬ zustandsangabe ermitteln, indem für zumindest einen der Particularly simple and therefore advantageous manner possible to determine the charge state ¬ disclosure by the for at least one
Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswerte ein korrespondierender Ladezeitpunkt in der Referenzladekurve be¬ stimmt wird, der den zu dem gemessenen Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswert passenden Zeitpunkt in der Referenzladekurve angibt. Der korrespondierende Ladezeitpunkt kann als Ladezustandsangabe aufgefasst und als solche weiter¬ verwendet werden. Alternativ kann mit dem korrespondierenden Ladezeitpunkt eine weitere, beispielsweise quantitative Lade¬ zustandsangabe gebildet werden, die den Ladezustand quantita¬ tiv angibt. Current and / or voltage and / or power measurements a corresponding charging time in the reference charging curve is be ¬ true, indicating the matching to the measured current and / or voltage and / or power measurement time in the reference charging curve. The corresponding charging time can be understood as a state of charge and as ¬ continue to be used. Alternatively, a further, for example, quantitative charging ¬ status data can be formed with the corresponding loading time, which indicates the state of charge quantita tively ¬.
Eine den Ladezustand unmittelbar quantitativ angebende Lade¬ zustandsangabe kann beispielsweise durch Integration der Re¬ ferenzladekurve vom Ladebeginn der Referenzladekurve bis zum korrespondierenden Ladezeitpunkt ermittelt werden. A charging state immediately quantitatively indicating charging ¬ status data can be determined from the start of charging of the reference charging curve corresponding to the charging time of, for example, by integration of the Re ference ¬ charging curve.
Um für das Laden des Elektrofahrzeugs eine möglichst optimale Referenzladekurve heranziehen zu können, wird es als vorteil¬ haft angesehen, wenn ein das zu ladende Elektrofahrzeug indi¬ viduell oder hinsichtlich seiner Bauart kennzeichnendes Sig¬ nal ausgewertet wird und für das Elektrofahrzeug eine indivi¬ duelle oder eine bauartbezogene Referenzladekurve zum Bestim¬ men der Ladezustandsangabe herangezogen wird. Um eine Anpassung bzw. Korrektur oder Optimierung der Referenzladekurve - beispielsweise um der Batteriealterung Rech nung zu tragen - zu erreichen, wird es als vorteilhaft ange sehen, wenn nach dem Bestimmen des korrespondierenden Ladezeitpunkts in der Referenzladekurve weitere Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswerte gemessen werden und mit den korrespondierenden Strom- und/oder Spannungsund/oder Leistungswerten der Referenzladekurve verglichen werden und die Referenzladekurve korrigiert wird, falls die Abweichung zwischen den weiteren Strom- und/oder Spannungsund/oder Leistungsmesswerten und den korrespondierenden Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungswerten der Ref renzladekurve eine vorgegebene Schwelle überschreitet. In order to use the best possible reference charging curve for charging the electric vehicle, it is considered beneficial ¬ way, when a to be loaded electric vehicle indi ¬ vidually or distinctive as regards its construction Sig ¬ nal is evaluated and an individ ¬ ual for the electric vehicle or a design-related reference charging curve is used to Bestim ¬ measures the state of charge indication. In order to achieve an adaptation or correction or optimization of the reference charging curve - for example, to bear the battery aging calculation - it will be advantageous if, after determining the corresponding charging time in the reference charging curve, further current and / or voltage and / or or measured power values are measured and compared with the corresponding current and / or voltage and / or power values of the reference charging curve and the reference charging curve is corrected if the deviation between the further current and / or voltage and / or power measurements and the corresponding current and / or Voltage and / or power values of the reference charging curve exceeds a predetermined threshold.
Eine Korrektur der Referenzladekurve kann beispielsweise er¬ folgen, indem zu der Abweichung zwischen den weiteren Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswerten und den kor respondierenden Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungswerten der Referenzladekurve proportionale Korrektur¬ werte zu den jeweiligen Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungswerten der Referenzladekurve vorzeichenrichtig ad¬ diert werden. A correction of the reference charging curve may, for example, he ¬ followed by adding to the deviation between the further current and / or voltage and / or power measurement values and the kor respondierenden current and / or voltage and / or power values of the reference charging curve proportional correction values ¬ to the respective current and / or voltage and / or power values of the reference charging curve are correct sign ad ¬ diert.
Wie bereits erwähnt, lässt sich in vorteilhafter Weise ein korrespondierender Ladezeitpunkt in der Referenzladekurve an hand zumindest eines Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswertes ermitteln. Alternativ kann der korrespon dierende Ladezeitpunkt auch anhand eines Messintervalls er¬ mittelt werden, das eine Mehrzahl an Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswerten umfasst. Demgemäß wird e als vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn mit der Messeinrichtung der Ladestation eine Mehrzahl an Strom- und/oder Spannungsund/oder Leistungsmesswerten in einem vorgegebenen Messinter vall gemessen wird, die Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswerte in dem vorgegebenen Messintervall mit der vorgegebenen Referenzladekurve verglichen werden und das dem Messintervall korrespondierende Referenzladeintervall in der Referenzladekurve ermittelt wird und anhand des ermittelten Referenzladeintervalls die den Ladezustand des Elektrofahr- zeugs angebende Ladezustandsangabe bestimmt wird. As already mentioned, it is advantageously possible to determine a corresponding charging instant in the reference charging curve on the basis of at least one current and / or voltage and / or power measurement value. Alternatively, the corres-chief load time can he ¬ averages are also based on a measurement interval that includes a plurality of current and / or voltage and / or performance metrics. Accordingly, e is considered to be advantageous when measured with the measuring device of the charging station a plurality of current and / or voltage and / or power measurements in a predetermined Messinter interval, the current and / or voltage and / or power measurements in the predetermined measurement interval the reference reference charging curve are compared and the reference charging interval corresponding to the measuring interval is determined in the reference charging curve and based on the determined Referenzladeinvalls the state of charge of the electric vehicle indicating state of charge state is determined.
Als vorteilhaft wird es diesbezüglich angesehen, wenn nach dem Bestimmen des korrespondierenden Referenzladeintervalls in der Referenzladekurve weitere Strom- und/oder Spannungs¬ und/oder Leistungsmesswerte gemessen werden und mit den korrespondierenden Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungswerten der Referenzladekurve verglichen werden und die Referenzladekurve korrigiert wird, falls die Abweichung zwi¬ schen den weiteren Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswerten und den korrespondierenden Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungswerten der Referenzladekurve eine vorgegebene Schwelle überschreitet. It is considered advantageous in this regard if, after the determination of the corresponding reference charging interval in the reference charging curve, further current and / or voltage and / or power measured values are measured and compared with the corresponding current and / or voltage and / or power values of the reference charging curve and the reference charging curve is corrected if the deviation exceeds Zvi ¬ rule the further current and / or voltage and / or power measurement values and the corresponding current and / or voltage and / or power values of the reference charging curve a predetermined threshold.
Sollen zwei oder mehr Elektrofahrzeuge mit Ladestationen auf¬ geladen werden, so wird es als vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn für jedes Fahrzeug jeweils eine den Ladezustand des Elektro- fahrzeugs angebende Ladezustandsangabe bestimmt wird, für je¬ des Elektrofahrzeug unter Heranziehung der jeweiligen Ladezustandsangabe jeweils der Ladeleistungsverlauf prognostiziert wird und die Verteilung der der Ladestation zum Laden zur Verfügung stehenden Gesamtladeleistung auf die Elektrofahr- zeuge unter Berücksichtigung der prognostizierten Ladeleistungsverläufe erfolgt. If two or more electric vehicles with loading stations are loaded onto ¬, it is considered advantageous when each of the charge state of the electrical is vehicle determined indicating charge status indication for each vehicle, predicts for each ¬ of the electric vehicle by using the respective charge state indication respectively of the load power curve and the distribution of the total charging power available to the charging station for charging is carried out on the electric vehicles taking into account the predicted charging power characteristics.
Um jeweils eine optimale Referenzladekurve zum Aufladen der Elektrofahrzeuge heranziehen zu können, wird es als vorteil¬ haft angesehen, wenn die zu ladenden Elektrofahrzeuge jeweils individuell oder hinsichtlich ihrer Bauart erkannt werden und für jedes Elektrofahrzeug eine individuelle oder eine bauart¬ bezogene Referenzladekurve zum Bestimmen der Ladezustandsangabe herangezogen wird. To each to be able to use an optimal reference charging curve for charging electric vehicles, it is considered beneficial ¬ way when to load electric vehicles are detected individually or in terms of their design and individual for each electric vehicle or a type-¬-related reference charging curve to determine the state of charge indication is used.
Die Erfindung bezieht sich darüber hinaus auf eine Ladesta¬ tion zum Laden mindestens eines Elektrofahrzeugs . Erfindungs¬ gemäß ist diesbezüglich vorgesehen, dass die Ladestation eine Messeinrichtung aufweist, die zum Messen mindestens eines Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswerts wäh¬ rend des Ladevorgangs geeignet ist, und die Ladestation eine Auswerteinrichtung aufweist, die geeignet ist, den mindestens einen Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswert mit einer vorgegebenen Referenzladekurve zu vergleichen und anhand der Referenzladekurve eine den Ladezustand des Elek- trofahrzeugs angebende Ladezustandsangabe zu bestimmen. The invention also relates to a Ladesta ¬ tion for loading at least one electric vehicle. Invention according ¬ is in this respect provided that the charging station has a measuring device for measuring at least one Current and / or voltage and / or power reading currency ¬ rend the charging process is suitable, and the charging station has an evaluation device which is adapted to compare the at least one current and / or voltage and / or power reading with a predetermined reference charging curve and to determine from the reference charging curve a state of charge indicating the state of charge of the electric vehicle.
Bezüglich der Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Ladestation sei auf die obigen Ausführungen zum erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verwiesen, da die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens denen der erfindungsgemäßen Ladestation im Wesentlichen entsprechen . With regard to the advantages of the charging station according to the invention, reference is made to the above statements on the method according to the invention, since the advantages of the method according to the invention essentially correspond to those of the charging station according to the invention.
Als vorteilhaft wird es angesehen, wenn die Auswerteinrichtung geeignet ist, anhand der Ladezustandsangabe den Lade¬ leistungsverlauf für den Ladevorgang zu prognostizieren und den prognostizierten Ladeleistungsverlauf an eine übergeord¬ nete Leiteinrichtung zu melden. Advantageous it is considered when the evaluation is useful to predict the charge ¬ performance running the battery level indication for the charging process and report the predicted charging power during a übergeord ¬ designated guide.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispie¬ len näher erläutert; dabei zeigen beispielhaft: The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Ausführungsbeispie ¬ len; thereby show exemplarily:
Figur 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Anordnung mit drei Ladestationen, an denen jeweils ein Elektro- fahrzeug aufgeladen wird, 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an arrangement with three charging stations, on each of which an electric vehicle is charged,
Figur 2 beispielhaft eine Referenzladekurve anhand derer der Ladezustand eines Elektrofahrzeugs ermittelt wird, FIG. 2 shows by way of example a reference charging curve on the basis of which the state of charge of an electric vehicle is determined.
Figur 3 beispielhaft die Referenzladekurve gemäß Figur 2, wobei eine Ladezeitpunktbestimmung anhand des Stromverlaufs erfolgt, FIG. 3 shows, by way of example, the reference charging curve according to FIG. 2, a charging time point determination taking place on the basis of the current profile,
Figur 4 beispielhaft die Bildung einer korrigierten Referenzladekurve . In den Figuren werden der Übersicht halber für identische oder vergleichbare Komponenten stets dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet . In der Figur 1 erkennt man drei Ladestationen 10, 11 und 12, die eingangsseitig mit Energie eines Energieverteilnetzes 20 gespeist werden. Die drei Ladestationen 10, 11 und 12 stehen mit einer übergeordneten Leiteinrichtung 30 in Verbindung, die die den drei Ladestationen 10, 11 und 12 zur Verfügung stehende Gesamtladeleistung des Energieverteilnetzes 20 auf die drei Ladestationen aufteilen kann, wenn diese mehr Ladeleistung verbrauchen oder gemäß einer Prognose verbrauchen werden/wollen, als das Energieverteilnetz 20 zur Verfügung stellen kann. FIG. 4 shows by way of example the formation of a corrected reference charging curve. For the sake of clarity, the same reference numbers are always used in the figures for identical or comparable components. FIG. 1 shows three charging stations 10, 11 and 12, which are fed on the input side with energy from an energy distribution network 20. The three charging stations 10, 11 and 12 are connected to a higher-level guiding device 30, which can divide the three charging stations 10, 11 and 12 available total charging power of the energy distribution network 20 to the three charging stations, if they consume more charging power or according to a forecast than the energy distribution network 20 can provide.
Bei der Darstellung gemäß der Figur 1 ist an die Ladestation 10 ein Elektrofahrzeug 40 mit einer Batterie 41, an die Lade¬ station 11 ein Elektrofahrzeug 50 mit einer Batterie 51 und an die Ladestation 12 ein Elektrofahrzeug 60 mit einer Batte- rie 61 angeschlossen. In the illustration according to FIG 1, an electric vehicle 40 having a battery 41 to the charging ¬ station 11, an electric vehicle 50 having a battery 51 and to the charging station 12 is an electric vehicle connected to a battery 61 60 to the charging station 10th
Nachfolgend wird beispielhaft davon ausgegangen, dass die drei Ladestationen 10, 11 und 12 baugleich sind; aus diesem Grunde beziehen sich die weiteren Erläuterungen beispielhaft nur auf die Ladestation 10. The following example assumes that the three charging stations 10, 11 and 12 are identical in construction; For this reason, the further explanations relate only to the charging station 10 by way of example.
In der Figur 1 erkennt man, dass die Ladestation 10 mit einer Steuereinrichtung 100 ausgestattet ist, die den Ladevorgang beim Aufladen der Batterie 41 des Elektrofahrzeugs 40 steu- ert . Zwischen die Steuereinrichtung 100 und das Elektrofahrzeug 40 ist eine Messeinrichtung 110 der Ladestation 10 geschaltet. Die Messeinrichtung 110 misst die Ladespannung, die an der Batterie 41 anliegt, sowie den Ladestrom, mit dem die Batterie 41 geladen wird. In FIG. 1 it can be seen that the charging station 10 is equipped with a control device 100 which controls the charging process when the battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 is being charged. Between the control device 100 and the electric vehicle 40, a measuring device 110 of the charging station 10 is connected. The measuring device 110 measures the charging voltage applied to the battery 41 and the charging current with which the battery 41 is charged.
Die Messeinrichtung 110 steht ausgangsseitig mit einer Aus¬ werteinrichtung 120 in Verbindung. Die Auswerteinrichtung 120 umfasst eine Protokollierungseinheit 121, eine Ladekurvenaus- werteinheit 122 sowie eine Prognoseeinheit 123. The measuring device 110 is the output side to an off ¬ value 120 in connection. The evaluation device 120 comprises a logging unit 121, a charging curve evaluation unit 122 and a forecasting unit 123.
Die Auswerteinrichtung 120 ist ausgangsseitig mit der Leit- einrichtung 30 verbunden, um an diese eine Ladezustandsangabe LZA sowie einen prognostizierten Ladeleistungsverlauf PLV zu übersenden, der sich auf den jeweils aktuellen Ladevorgang, hier also auf den Ladevorgang zum Aufladen der Batterie 41 des Elektrofahrzeugs 40, bezieht. On the output side, the evaluation device 120 is connected to the guide device 30 in order to transmit to it a state of charge indication LZA and a predicted charging power curve PLV, which relates to the current charging process, in this case to the charging process for charging the battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 ,
In der Figur 1 erkennt man darüber hinaus eine Datenverbindung L, über die die Steuereinrichtung 100 ein das zu ladende Elektrofahrzeug 40 individuell oder hinsichtlich seiner Bau¬ art kennzeichnendes Identifizierungssignal S erhält. Das Identifizierungssignal S kann entweder von einer in der Figur 1 aus Gründen der Übersicht nicht gezeigten Sendeeinrichtung des Elektrofahrzeugs 40 stammen oder vom jeweiligen Fahrer des Elektrofahrzeugs 40 erzeugt werden. Beispielsweise kann der Fahrer zu Beginn des Ladevorgangs über eine an der Lade- Station 10 vorhandene Tastatur oder alternativ über ein Mo- bilfunkkommunikationsgerät oder in anderer Weise das Identi¬ fizierungssignal S erzeugen, damit die Ladestation 10 das Fahrzeug individuell oder hinsichtlich seiner Bauart, insbe¬ sondere hinsichtlich der Bauart oder des Typs der Batterie 41 identifizieren und für das Elektrofahrzeug 40 einen optimierten Ladevorgang durchführen kann. In the figure 1, it also recognizes a data link L over which the control means 100 a to be loaded electric vehicle 40 individually, or in terms of its construction art ¬ distinctive identification signal S is obtained. The identification signal S can either originate from a transmitting device of the electric vehicle 40, not shown in FIG. 1 for reasons of clarity, or can be generated by the respective driver of the electric vehicle 40. For example, the driver may generate the Identi ¬ fizierungssignal S at the beginning of the charging process via an on the loading station 10 existing keyboard or alternatively bilfunkkommunikationsgerät a Mo- or otherwise, so that the loading station 10, the vehicle individually or as regards its construction, in particular ¬ identify particular type or type of battery 41 and perform an optimized charging process for the electric vehicle 40.
Anhand des das Elektrofahrzeug 40 individuell oder hinsicht¬ lich seiner Bauart kennzeichnenden Identifizierungssignals S kann die Steuereinrichtung 100 beispielsweise eine individu¬ elle oder bauartindividuelle Referenzladekurve RLK aus einem in der Figur 1 nicht gezeigten Speicher der Ladestation 10 auslesen, um den Ladevorgang optimal durchführen zu können. Mit dem anhand der Referenzladekurve RLK prognostizierten La¬ deleistungsverlauf PLV der Ladestation 10 sowie mit den ent¬ sprechenden prognostizierten Ladeleistungsverläufen der beiden anderen Ladestationen 11 und 12 ist die Leiteinrichtung 30 in der Lage zu prüfen, ob die vom Energieverteilnetz 20 zur Verfügung gestellte Gesamtladeleistung ausreicht, um die Ladevorgänge prognosegemäß ausführen zu können. Stellt die Leiteinrichtung 30 fest, dass die drei Ladestationen 10, 11 und 12 insgesamt einen größeren Leistungsbedarf prognostizieren, als das Energieverteilnetz 20 zur Verfügung stellen kann, so kann die Leiteinrichtung 30 Steuersignale ST1, ST2 und ST3 für die drei Ladestationen 10, 11 und 12 erzeugen, um eine Reduktion der Ladeleistung beim Aufladen der drei 40 individually or respects ¬ Lich its design characterizing identification signal S 100 may, for example, a individu ¬ elle or type-individual reference charging curve read RLK from a not shown in the Figure 1 memory of the loading station 10, to optimally perform the charging process, the control device on the basis of the electric vehicle. With the reference to the reference charging curve RLK predicted La ¬ deleistungsverlauf PLV the charging station 10 and the ent ¬ speaking predictive charging power curves of the other two charging stations 11 and 12 is the guide 30 is able to check whether the total charging power provided by the energy distribution network 20 is sufficient to be able to carry out the charging processes according to the prognosis. If the guide device 30 determines that the three charging stations 10, 11 and 12 overall predict a greater power requirement than the power distribution network 20 can provide, the guide device 30 can control signals ST1, ST2 and ST3 for the three charging stations 10, 11 and 12 generate a reduction in charging power when charging the three
Elektrofahrzeuge 40, 50 und 60 hervorzurufen. Soll beispiels¬ weise die Ladeleistung bei der Ladestation 10 reduziert werden, so kann die Leiteinrichtung 30 beispielsweise ein Steuersignal ST1 zur Steuereinrichtung 100 der Ladestation 10 übersenden, mit dem die Steuereinrichtung 100 aufgefordert wird, eine alternative Ladekurve mit einer geringeren Leis¬ tungsaufnahme, insbesondere einem geringeren Ladestrom, zum Aufladen des Elektrofahrzeugs 40 heranzuziehen. Electric vehicles 40, 50 and 60 cause. Should example ¬, the charging power in the charging station 10 can be reduced, the guide device 30 can send, for example, a control signal ST1 to the control device 100 of the loading station 10, with which the control device is prompted 100, an alternative loading curve with a smaller Leis ¬ con- sumption, in particular a lower charging current, for charging the electric vehicle 40 to use.
Die Arbeitsweise der Auswerteinrichtung 120 zum Erzeugen des prognostizierten Ladeleistungsverlaufs PLV soll nachfolgend beispielhaft näher im Detail erläutert werden: The mode of operation of the evaluation device 120 for generating the predicted charging power curve PLV will be explained in greater detail below by way of example:
Die mit der Messeinrichtung 110 in Verbindung stehende Proto- kollierungseinheit 121 protokolliert die Strommesswerte Im(t) und Spannungsmesswerte Um(t) der Messeinrichtung 110 und lei¬ tet diese zur Ladekurvenauswerteinheit 122 weiter. The related to the measuring device 110 proto kollierungseinheit 121 logs the current values Im (t) and voltage measured values To (t) of the measuring device 110 and lei ¬ tet this to the Ladekurvenauswerteinheit 122nd
Die Ladekurvenauswerteinheit 122 bestimmt anhand einer Lade¬ kurve - nachfolgend Referenzladekurve genannt -, die die Steuereinrichtung 100 zum Aufladen des Elektrofahrzeugs 40 beispielsweise anhand des Identifizierungssignals S ausge¬ wählt hat und dem Ladevorgang zugrunde legt, den Ladezustand der Batterie 41 und erzeugt eine den Ladezustand angebende Ladezustandsangabe LZA. The Ladekurvenauswerteinheit 122 determined from a charging curve ¬ - hereinafter called the reference charging curve - which has the control device 100 for charging of the electric vehicle 40, for example, be ¬ selected based on the identification signal S, and based submit to the charging process, the charging state of the battery 41 and generates a charging state indicative State of charge LZA.
Beispielsweise ermittelt die Ladekurvenauswerteinheit 122 in der Referenzladekurve einen korrespondierenden Ladezeitpunkt, der den zu dem jeweiligen Strom- und/oder Spannungsmesswert passenden Zeitpunkt in der Referenzladekurve angibt. Wie wei¬ ter unten noch näher erläutert wird, kann mit dem korrespondierenden Ladezeitpunkt der Ladezustand der Batterie 41 quan¬ titativ ermittelt werden; der korrespondierende Ladezeitpunkt kann somit bereits als mittelbare Ladezustandsangabe aufge- fasst werden. Mit dem korrespondierenden Ladezeitpunkt kann eine unmittelbare Ladezustandsangabe LZA gebildet werden, die den Ladezustand unmittelbar quantitativ, beispielsweise bezo¬ gen auf die Speicherkapazität der Batterie 41, angibt. Dies soll nachfolgend anhand der Figur 2 beispielhaft näher erläu¬ tert werden. For example, the charge curve evaluation unit 122 determines in the reference charge curve a corresponding charge time which corresponds to the respective current and / or voltage measurement value indicates the appropriate time in the reference charging curve. Is explained in more detail wei ¬ ter below, can be determined with the corresponding charging time of the charge state of the battery 41 quan ¬ tatively; the corresponding charging time can thus already be understood as an indirect state of charge status. With the corresponding loading time an immediate state of charge indication LZA can be formed which directly quantitatively the state of charge, for example bezo ¬ gene on the storage capacity of the battery 41, indicating. This is to reference to FIG 2 are by way of example in more detail erläu ¬ tert.
Die Figur 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Referenz¬ ladekurve RLK, die durch den Sollladestromverlauf Is (t) und den zugehörigen Sollspannungsverlauf Us (t) eweils über der Zeit t definiert ist. Die Ermittlung des korrespondierenden Ladezeitpunkts tk, der wie bereits erläutert eine mittelbare Ladezustandsangabe darstellt, kann in der Referenzladekurve RLK beispielsweise derart erfolgen, dass der Spannungsmess¬ wert Um der Messeinrichtung 110 bzw. der Protokollierungsein- heit 121 mit den Sollspannungswerten Us (t) der Referenzladekurve RLK verglichen wird. Der Zeitpunkt in der Referenzlade¬ kurve RLK, zu dem der Spannungsmesswert Um mit einem Soll¬ spannungswert Us (t) der Referenzladekurve RLK identisch ist, bildet den korrespondierende Ladezeitpunkt tk. 2 shows an embodiment of a reference charging curve ¬ RLK represented by the nominal charging current waveform Is (t) and the associated reference voltage curve Us (t) is in each case over the time t defined. The determination of the corresponding charging point in time tk which as already explained is an indirect indication of charge, can in the reference charging curve RLK for example, be such that the voltage measuring ¬ value by the measuring means integrated 110 and the Protokollierungsein- 121 with the desired voltage values Us (t) of the reference charging curve RLK is compared. The point in the reference charging curve ¬ RLK at which the voltage measurement value with a desired order ¬ voltage value Us (t) of the reference charging curve RLK is identical, forms the corresponding loading time tk.
Mit dem in dieser Weise bestimmten korrespondierenden Ladezeitpunkt tk kann die Ladekurvenauswerteinheit 122 eine un¬ mittelbare Ladezustandsangabe LZA erzeugen, die den Ladezu- stand der Batterie 41 quantitativ angibt. Hierzu kann sie beispielsweise den Sollladestromverlauf Is (t) der Referenzla¬ dekurve RLK bis zum korrespondierenden Ladezeitpunkt tk integrieren :
Figure imgf000012_0001
wobei T die Gesamtladezeit beim Laden gemäß der Referenzlade¬ kurve RLK bezeichnet. Die Ladezustandsangabe LZA gibt hier einen Anteilsfaktor an, der sich auf eine vollgeladene Batterie 41 bezieht. Ein Wert von beispielsweise 0,3 entspricht also einem Ladezustand von 30%. tk
With the determined in this manner, corresponding loading time tk the Ladekurvenauswerteinheit 122 may generate an un ¬ indirect indication of charge LZA, which was indicative of its charge quantity of the battery 41st For this purpose, they may, for example, the target charging current waveform Is (t) of the integrated Referenzla ¬ dekurve RLK to the corresponding loading time tk:
Figure imgf000012_0001
where T denotes the total charging time when charging according to the reference charging ¬ curve RLK. The state of charge LZA indicates here a share factor, which refers to a fully charged battery 41. A value of, for example, 0.3 corresponds to a charge state of 30%. tk
Dem Integral ^ JIs{vt)7dt entspricht in der Figur 2 die Fläche The integral J JIs { v t) 7 dt in FIG. 2 corresponds to the area
0  0
unter dem Sollladestromverlauf Is (t) der Referenzladekurvebelow the desired charging current waveform Is (t) of the reference charging curve
RLK im Intervall zwischen t=0 und t=tk. Das Integral gibt die Ladung an, die bereits in der Batterie 41 des Elektrofahr- zeugs 40 gespeichert ist. Um die noch nötige Restladung Qr zum vollständigen Aufladen der Batterie 41 zu bestimmen, muss lediglich von der Gesamtkapazität Qmax der Batterie 41 die bereits geladene Ladungsmenge abgezogen werden:
Figure imgf000012_0002
RLK in the interval between t = 0 and t = tk. The integral indicates the charge that is already stored in the battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40. In order to determine the still necessary residual charge Qr for completely charging the battery 41, only the total charge Qmax of the battery 41 needs to be subtracted from the already charged charge amount:
Figure imgf000012_0002
Alternativ kann auch das Integral der Referenzladekurve vom korrespondierenden Ladezeitpunkt tk bis zum Ende des Ladevor gangs zum Zeitpunkt t = T berechnet werden. Die nötige Rest¬ ladung Qr ergibt sich in diesem Falle wie folgt: Alternatively, the integral of the reference charging curve from the corresponding charging time tk to the end of the charging process at time t = T can also be calculated. The necessary residual charge Qr ¬ arises in this case as follows:
Figure imgf000012_0003
Figure imgf000012_0003
Die in dieser Weise bestimmte Ladezustandsangabe LZA und der korrespondierende Ladezeitpunkt tk werden von der Ladekurven- auswerteinheit 122 zur Prognoseeinheit 123 übertragen, die mit dem korrespondierenden Ladezeitpunkt tk den prognosti¬ zierten Ladeleistungsverlauf PLV bildet. Der prognostizierte Ladeleistungsverlauf PLV für das Restla¬ dezeitintervall von t=tk bis t=T kann von der Prognoseeinheit 123 beispielsweise gebildet werden, indem der Sollladestromverlauf Is (t) der Referenzladekurve RLK mit dem Sollspan¬ nungsverlauf Us (t) der Referenzladekurve RLK multipliziert wird und der sich ergebende Sollleistungsverlauf The state of charge LZA determined in this way and the corresponding charging time tk are determined by the charging curve. evaluation unit 122 to the forecasting unit 123, which forms the prognostic ¬ charged charging power PLV with the corresponding charging time tk. The predicted load power curve PLV for ReStLA ¬ dezeitintervall of t = t k to t = T can be formed by the prediction unit 123, for example, by setting the target charging current waveform Is (t) of the reference charging curve RLK with the desired clamping ¬ voltage extending Us (t) of the reference charging curve RLK is multiplied and the resulting desired power curve
P (t) =Us (t) *Is (t) für das Restladezeitintervall von t=tk bis t=T ausgegeben wird.  P (t) = Us (t) * Is (t) is output for the remaining charging time interval from t = tk to t = T.
Bei der Darstellung gemäß Figur 2 wird der korrespondierende Ladezeitpunkt tk anhand eines Spannungsmesswerts Um(t) ermit¬ telt; alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Bestimmung des korrespondierenden Ladezeitpunkts tk auch anhand des Stromverlaufs Is (t) der Referenzladekurve RLK erfolgen. Dies zeigt beispielhaft die Figur 3, in der anhand eines protokollierten Strommesswerts Im(t) der Protokollierungseinheit 121 der kor¬ respondierende Ladezeitpunkt tk in der Referenzladekurve RLK ermittelt wird. In the illustration according to Figure 2 of the corresponding loading time tk on the basis of a voltage measured value Um (t) is ermit ¬ telt; Alternatively or additionally, the determination of the corresponding charging time tk can also be based on the current profile Is (t) of the reference charging curve RLK. This example shows the figure 3, in the established on the basis of a recorded measuring current value Im (t) of the logging unit 121 of the kor ¬ respondierende load time tk in the reference charging curve RLK.
Die Figur 4 zeigt beispielhaft, dass die Auswerteinrichtung 120 auch die Referenzladekurve RLK korrigieren oder modifi¬ zieren kann, falls sie feststellt, dass die protokollierten weiteren Strom- und/oder Spannungsmesswerte Im(t) und Um(t) der Protokollierungseinheit 121 zu sehr von den entsprechenden Sollstrom- und/oder Sollspannungsmesswerten Is (t) und Us (t) der Referenzladekurve RLK abweichen. Die durch die Kor¬ rektur bzw. Modifikation gebildete korrigierte Referenzlade¬ kurve RLK' ist in der Figur 4 durch eine gestrichelte Linie angedeutet. Eine solche Korrektur kann beispielsweise erfol¬ gen, indem zu der Abweichung zwischen den weiteren Strom- und/oder Spannungsmesswerten Im(t) und Um(t) und den korrespondierenden Sollstrom- und/oder Sollspannungswerten Is (t) und Us (t) der Referenzladekurve RLK proportionale Korrektur¬ werte zu den jeweiligen Sollstrom- und/oder Sollspannungswer- ten der Referenzladekurve RLK vorzeichenrichtig addiert wer¬ den . 4 shows by way of example, that the evaluation device 120 to correct the reference charging curve RLK or may adorn ¬ modifi, if it finds that the recorded other current and / or voltage measurement values Im (t) and Um (t) of the logging unit 121 too much from the corresponding nominal current and / or nominal voltage measured values Is (t) and Us (t) of the reference charging curve RLK deviate. The corrected reference charging curve ¬ RLK formed by the Cor ¬ rection or modification "is indicated in Figure 4 by a dotted line. Such a correction may, for example SUC ¬ gene by adding to the deviation between the further current and / or voltage measurements Im (t) and Um (t) and the corresponding Sollstrom- and / or target voltage values Is (t) and U (t) of reference charging curve RLK ¬ proportional correction values to the respective Sollstrom- and / or Sollspannungswer- th the reference charging curve RLK added with the correct sign ¬ who.
Die in dieser Weise gebildete korrigierte Referenzladekurve RLK' wird vorzugsweise anstelle der ursprünglichen bzw. bis¬ herigen Referenzladekurve RLK in der Ladestation 10 abgespeichert, so dass sowohl die Steuereinrichtung 100 als auch die Auswerteinrichtung 120 bei weiteren Ladevorgängen auf die korrigierte Referenzladekurve RLK' zurückgreifen können. Auch kann die korrigierte Referenzladekurve RLK' an die Leitein¬ richtung 30 übermittelt werden, damit sie anderen Ladestatio¬ nen zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann. The corrected reference charging curve formed in this manner RLK 'is preferably stored instead of the original or up ¬ take precedence reference charging curve RLK in the loading station 10, so that both the controller 100 and the evaluation device for further charging operations to the corrected reference charging curve RLK 120' can access. Also can be transmitted to the Leitein ¬ direction 30, the corrected reference charging curve RLK 'so that they can be made available to other Ladestatio ¬ NEN available.
Bei der Steuereinrichtung 100 kann es sich beispielsweise um eine Datenverarbeitungsanlage, insbesondere in Form eines Computers, handeln, die entsprechend programmiert ist, um die oben beschriebenen Funktionen ausführen zu können. Die Auswerteinrichtung 120 mit der Protokollierungseinheit 121, der Ladekurvenauswerteinheit 122 und der Prognoseeinheit 123 kann durch eine oder mehrere Softwaremodule gebildet sein, die von der Datenverarbeitungsanlage ausgeführt werden. The control device 100 can be, for example, a data processing system, in particular in the form of a computer, which is programmed accordingly in order to be able to carry out the functions described above. The evaluation device 120 with the logging unit 121, the load curve evaluation unit 122 and the prediction unit 123 may be formed by one or more software modules that are executed by the data processing system.
Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch die bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele eingeschränkt und andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen . While the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Ladestation (10, 11, 12) und zum Aufladen mindestens eines an die Ladestation (10, 11, 12) angeschlossenen Elektrofahrzeugs (40, 50, 60), A method for operating a charging station (10, 11, 12) and for charging at least one electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) connected to the charging station (10, 11, 12),
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that
- mit einer Messeinrichtung (110) der Ladestation (10, 11, 12) während des Ladevorgangs mindestens ein Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswert (Um(t), Im(t)) gemessen wird und  - With a measuring device (110) of the charging station (10, 11, 12) during the charging process, at least one current and / or voltage and / or power measurement (Um (t), Im (t)) is measured and
- der mindestens eine Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswert (Um(t), Im(t)) mit einer vorgegebenen Referenzladekurve (RLK) verglichen wird und anhand der Re¬ ferenzladekurve (RLK) eine den Ladezustand des Elektro- fahrzeugs (40, 50, 60) angebende Ladezustandsangabe (LZA) bestimmt wird. - the at least one current and / or voltage and / or power measurement value (Um (t), Im (t)) is compared with a predetermined reference charging curve (RLK) and based on the Re ¬ ferenzladekurve (RLK) a the state of charge of the electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) indicating state of charge (LZA) is determined.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2. The method according to claim 1,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that
anhand der Ladezustandsangabe (LZA) ein Ladeleistungsverlauf (PLV) für den Ladevorgang prognostiziert wird. Based on the state of charge (LZA) a charging power curve (PLV) is predicted for the charging process.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that
- für zumindest einen der Strom- und/oder Spannungsund/oder Leistungsmesswerte (Um(t), Im(t)) ein korrespon¬ dierender Ladezeitpunkt (tk) in der Referenzladekurve (RLK) bestimmt wird, der den zu dem gemessenen Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswert (Um(t), Im(t)) passenden Zeitpunkt in der Referenzladekurve (RLK) angibt . - for at least one of the current and / or voltage and / or power measurement values (To (t), Im (t)) a corres ¬ Commanding load time (tk) is determined in the reference charging curve (RLK) of the measured to the current and / or voltage and / or power reading (Um (t), Im (t)) indicating the appropriate time in the reference charging curve (RLK).
4. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, 4. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that
- ein das zu ladende Elektrofahrzeug (40, 50, 60) individu¬ ell oder hinsichtlich seiner Bauart kennzeichnendes Signal (S) ausgewertet wird und für das Elektrofahrzeug (40, 50, 60) eine individuelle oder eine bauartbezogene Referenzladekurve (RLK) zum Bestimmen der Ladezustandsangabe (LZA) herangezogen wird. a signal (S) characterizing the electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) to be charged individually or with regard to its design is evaluated, and for the electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) an individual or a type-related reference charging curve (RLK) is used for determining the state of charge indication (LZA).
Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche 3-4, a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass Method according to one of the preceding claims 3-4, a d e r c h e c e n e c h e n e that
die Ladezustandsangabe (LZA) durch Integration der  the state of charge (LZA) by integration of the
Referenzladekurve (RLK) vom Ladebeginn der Referenzlade¬ kurve (RLK) bis zum korrespondierenden Ladezeitpunkt (tk) ermittelt wird. Reference charging curve (RLK) from charging start of the reference charging ¬ curve (RLK) to the corresponding charging time (tk) is determined.
Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche 3-5, a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass Method according to one of the preceding claims 3-5, a d e r c h e c e n e c i n e t that
nach dem Bestimmen des korrespondierenden Ladezeitpunkts (tk) in der Referenzladekurve (RLK) weitere Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswerte gemessen werden und mit den korrespondierenden Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungswerten der Referenzladekurve verglichen werden und  after determining the corresponding charging time point (tk) in the reference charging curve (RLK) further current and / or voltage and / or power measurements are measured and compared with the corresponding current and / or voltage and / or power values of the reference charging curve and
die Referenzladekurve (RLK) korrigiert wird, falls die Ab¬ weichung zwischen den weiteren Strom- und/oder Spannungsund/oder Leistungsmesswerten und den korrespondierenden Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungswerten der Referenzladekurve eine vorgegebene Schwelle überschreitet. the reference charging curve (RLK) is corrected if the deviation from ¬ between the further current and / or voltage and / or power measurement values and the corresponding current and / or voltage and / or power values of the reference charging curve exceeds a predetermined threshold.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, Method according to claim 6,
a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass  a d u r c h e c i n c e s that
die Referenzladekurve (RLK) korrigiert wird, indem zu der Abweichung zwischen den weiteren Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswerten und den korrespondierenden Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungswerten der Referenzladekurve proportionale Korrekturwerte zu den jeweiligen Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungswerten der Referenzladekurve vorzeichenrichtig addiert werden .  the reference charging curve (RLK) is corrected by adding to the deviation between the further current and / or voltage and / or power measurements and the corresponding current and / or voltage and / or power values of the reference charging curve proportional correction values to the respective current and / or voltage and / or power values of the reference charging curve are added with the correct sign.
8. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass zwei oder mehr Elektrofahrzeuge (40, 50, 60) aufgeladen werden, 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two or more electric vehicles (40, 50, 60) are charged,
für jedes Fahrzeug (40, 50, 60) jeweils eine den Ladezu¬ stand des Elektrofahrzeugs (40, 50, 60) angebende Ladezu- Standsangabe (LZA) bestimmt wird, for each vehicle (40, 50, 60) is determined in each case one of the Ladezu ¬ state of the electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) indicating Ladezu- Standsangabe (LZA),
für jedes Elektrofahrzeug (40, 50, 60) unter Heranziehung der jeweiligen Ladezustandsangabe (LZA) jeweils der Lade¬ leistungsverlauf prognostiziert wird und for each electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) using the respective state of charge indication (LZA) in each case the charge ¬ performance curve is forecast and
- die Verteilung der den Ladestationen (10, 11, 12) zum La- den zur Verfügung stehenden Gesamtladeleistung auf die the distribution of the total loading capacity available to the charging stations (10, 11, 12) to the load
Elektrofahrzeuge (40, 50, 60) unter Berücksichtigung der prognostizierten Ladeleistungsverläufe (PLV) erfolgt. Electric vehicles (40, 50, 60) taking into account the predicted charging power curves (PLV) takes place.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, 9. The method according to claim 8,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that
- die zu ladenden Elektrofahrzeuge (40, 50, 60) jeweils  - The charging electric vehicles (40, 50, 60) respectively
individuell oder hinsichtlich ihrer Bauart erkannt werden und  be recognized individually or in terms of their design and
für jedes Elektrofahrzeug (40, 50, 60) eine individuelle oder eine bauartbezogene Referenzladekurve (RLK) zum  for each electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) an individual or design related reference charging curve (RLK) for
Bestimmen der Ladezustandsangabe (LZA) herangezogen wird.  Determining the state of charge (LZA) is used.
10. Ladestation (10, 11, 12) zum Laden mindestens eines Elektrofahrzeugs (40, 50, 60), 10. charging station (10, 11, 12) for charging at least one electric vehicle (40, 50, 60),
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that
- die Ladestation (10, 11, 12) eine Messeinrichtung (110) aufweist, die zum Messen mindestens eines Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswerts (Um(t), Im(t)) wäh¬ rend des Ladevorgangs geeignet ist, und - The charging station (10, 11, 12) has a measuring device (110) suitable for measuring at least one current and / or voltage and / or power measurement value (Um (t), Im (t)) during ¬ charging the charging process is and
- die Ladestation (10, 11, 12) eine Auswerteinrichtung (120) aufweist, die geeignet ist, den mindestens einen Strom- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Leistungsmesswert (Um(t), Im(t)) mit einer vorgegebenen Referenzladekurve (RLK) zu vergleichen und anhand der Referenzladekurve (RLK) eine den Ladezustand des Elektrofahrzeugs angebende Ladezu¬ standsangabe (LZA) zu bestimmen. - The charging station (10, 11, 12) has an evaluation device (120) which is suitable, the at least one current and / or voltage and / or power measurement value (Um (t), Im (t)) with a predetermined reference charging curve (RLK) to compare and on the basis of the reference charging curve (RLK) to specify the state of charge of the electric vehicle Ladezu ¬ statement (LZA).
11. Ladestation nach Anspruch 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass 11. charging station according to claim 10, characterized in that
die Auswerteinrichtung (120) geeignet ist, anhand der Ladezu¬ standsangabe (LZA) den Ladeleistungsverlauf für den Ladevor¬ gang zu prognostizieren und den prognostizierten Ladeleis- tungsverlauf (PLV) an eine übergeordnete Leiteinrichtung (30) zu melden. the evaluation device (120) is adapted to predict the load power curve for the charging process based on the state of charge ¬ gear ¬ was specified (LZA), and loading the predicted performance curve (PLV) to a superior guide (30) to be reported.
PCT/EP2011/063212 2011-08-01 2011-08-01 Charging station WO2013017161A1 (en)

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